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One in five surgical weight-loss patients take prescription opioids seven years after surgery

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Opioid use progressively will increase following bariatric surgical procedure, till 1 in 5 sufferers are utilizing prescription opioids. Credit score: Nicole Santo/UPMC Whereas the proportion of adults with extreme weight problems utilizing prescription opioids initially declines within the months after bariatric surgical procedure, it will increase inside a matter of years, ultimately surpassing pre-surgery charges of sufferers utilizing the possibly addictive ache drugs, in keeping with new analysis from a Nationwide Institutes of Well being (NIH)-funded multicenter examine led by the College of Pittsburgh Graduate Faculty of Public Well being. The findings -- which come from one of many largest, longest-running research of adults who underwent weight-loss surgical procedure -- point out that enhancements in obesity-related ache gained by means of bariatric surgical procedure will not be ample to counter the necessity for ache aid within the y
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Diabetes drug prevents stiffening of heart muscle in obese mouse model

"In previous studies, we showed that young, female mice consuming a Western diet, high in fat, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, not only gained weight, but also exhibited vascular stiffening consistent with obese premenopausal women," said Vincent DeMarco, Ph.D., a research associate professor of endocrinology at the MU School of Medicine and the lead author of the study. "Our current study sought to understand if linagliptin prevents cardiac stiffening caused by eating a Western-style diet." Linagliptin is a medication prescribed to lower blood glucose in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The medication works by blocking the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, or DPP-4. Previous studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors offer protection against vascular inflammation and oxidative stress -- conditions associated with cardiovascular stiffening. DeMarco's team studied 34 female mice that were fed either a normal diet or a simulated Western diet for four months.
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Waist-to-height ratio more accurate than BMI in identifying obesity, new study shows

The research, published in the latest edition of  PLOS ONE  journal, aimed to improve the way that obesity is currently measured and classified by examining the whole-body fat percentage and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (the fat stored around the abdominal region where most of internal organs lie) of a group of 81 adults (40 women and 41 men). It aimed to find the most accurate way of predicting this measurement in a clinical environment and set cut-points for obesity. The researchers, led by Dr Michelle Swainson, Senior Lecturer in Exercise Physiology in the Carnegie School of Sport at Leeds Beckett, found that 36.5% more adults would be classified as obese using whole-body fat data (one in two participants) rather than body mass index (BMI) (around one in seven participants, or 13.5%). The team gathered accurate whole-body and abdominal fat data using a total body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner -- a highly accurate way of measuring body composition and fat
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Flu shot less effective for obese adults

Obesity is of growing concern worldwide, as it often goes hand in hand with many health problems. Along with age, pregnancy and certain chronic diseases, obesity is also recognised as a factor that increases people's risk of dying from influenza. Lead author Scott Neidich compared 1022 adults from North Carolina who were healthy weight, overweight or obese. They had all received the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 flu seasons. Laboratory tests and symptom scores were used to confirm whether a vaccinated participant had flu or influenza-like illness and to which degree their bodies produced influenza-fighting antibodies following vaccination. A small percentage of people became ill, despite receiving the shot. In the case of obese participants, 9.8 percent of them had either confirmed influenza or influenza-like illnesses, compared with 5.1 percent of those of healthy weight. "Vaccinated obese adults are twice a
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Drinking diet beverages during pregnancy linked to child obesity, study suggests

According to the study authors, as the volume of amniotic fluid increases, pregnant women tend to increase their consumption of fluids. To avoid extra calories, many pregnant women replace sugar-sweetened soft drinks and juices with beverages containing artificial sweeteners. Citing prior research implicating artificially sweetened beverages in weight gain, the study authors sought to determine if diet beverage consumption during pregnancy could influence the weight of children. "Our findings suggest that artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy are not likely to be any better at reducing the risk for later childhood obesity than sugar-sweetened beverages," said the study's senior author, Cuilin Zhang, Ph.D., in the Epidemiology Branch at NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). "Not surprisingly, we also observed that children born to women who drank water instead of sweetened beverages were less
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Prebiotics reduce body fat in overweight children

"This is a well-designed trial that demonstrates how a prebiotic could potentially help combat one of the most prevalent and costly conditions afflicting children in the developed world -- overnutrition -- by targeting the gut microbiome ," said Geoffrey A. Preidis, MD, PhD, a member of the AGA Center for Gut Microbiome Research and Education scientific advisory board. "It is promising to see this evidence that alteration of the gut microbiota can be used to restore health. As a clinician, I hope that continued research into prebiotics will lead to a new strategy for the treatment of obesity." For this study, researchers from the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 42 participants . Participants included children, 7 to 12 years old, who were classified as overweight or obese (>85th percentile of body mass index) but otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly assigned to groups given either the pre
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Overweight children are being excluded from friendships, study finds

In a survey of 504 preteens in the Netherlands, researchers found that overweight children are excluded from friendships, call classmates friends when the feeling is not mutual and are disliked by peers. And overweight children dislike more classmates than their thinner peers. These heightened negative relationships take a mental, social and physical toll , said Kayla de la Haye, lead author of the new study and an assistant preventive medicine professor at the Keck School of Medicine. "Our finding is alarming because if we continue to have social environments where fat shaming is the norm, these kids will continue to be ostracized," de la Haye said. "Those adverse interactions increase the risk of loneliness, depression, poor eating habits and illness." Although overweight children, on average, listed as many people in the friend category as children with healthy weight, they were 1.7 times more likely to be disliked and 1.2 times more likely to dislike th
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